LOS TEXTURIZANTES INCREMENTAN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE CONIDIOS DE Metarhizium anisopliae
TEXTURIZERS INCREASE THE CONIDIA PRODUCTION OF Metarhizium anisopliae
Autor(es): H. Castillo-Castillo, L. Rojas-Gutierrez, J. Espitia-López, P. Garza-López, G. Martínez-de Jesús, I. Neria-González y A. Angel-Cuapio
Fuente: Mexican Journal of Technology and Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 22-29.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.61767/mjte.001.2.2229
Resumen
La producción de hongos entomopatógenos para el control de plagas agrícolas se ha vuelto una alternativa para evitar la aplicación de insecticidas químicos, los cuales han generado contaminación al medio ambiente. El hongo entomopatógeno Metarhizium anisopliae produce unidades infectivas denominadas conidios que son utilizados como ingrediente activo en formulaciones biológicas para regular poblaciones de insectos plaga, lo anterior representa una valiosa alternativa en la protección del ambiente y en el equilibrio de la flora y la fauna. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en evaluar la porosidad del lecho de empaque modificada por la incorporación de agrolita (AG) y polietileno de baja densidad (PL) como agentes texturizantes mezclados con arroz precocido (AP) como sustrato, sobre la producción de conidios de la cepaMetarhizium anisopliae CP-OAX. La mayor producción de conidios sobre granos de arroz se alcanzó a los 12 días de cultivo. La adición de agrolita y el polietileno al lecho de cultivo es efectiva para aumentar la porosidad del lecho. Entre ambas estrategias, la adición de polietileno de baja densidad resultó más efectiva para la producción de conidios la cual resultó de 1.38×109 conidios por gramo de arroz seco inicial (conidios/gasi), con una porosidad de e=0.34 (mezcla AP-PL: 50-50). El rendimiento alcanzado representó un incremento de 2 veces más la producción de conidios en comparación con el tratamiento sin texturizante (AP-PL = 6.3×108 conidios/gasi). El polietileno es un texturizante adecuado para ser utilizado en cultivo sólido, ya que incrementa la producción de conidios del hongo Metarhizium anisopliae CP-OAX al modificar la porosidad de empaque, lo cual es un factor importante para considerar en la producción de unidades infectivas a gran escala.
Palabras clave: Porosidad, texturizante, Metarhizium anisopliae, cultivo sólido.
Abstract
The production of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of agricultural pests has become an alternative to avoid the application of chemical insecticides, which have generated environmental contamination. The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae produces infective units called conidia that are used as an active ingredient in biological formulations to regulate populations of pest insects, which represents a valuable alternative in protecting the environment and in the balance of flora and fauna. The objective of this research was to evaluate the porosity of the packing bed modified by the incorporation of agrolite (AG) and low-density polyethylene (PL) as texturizing agents mixed with parboiled rice (AP) as a substrate, on the conidia production of Metarhizium anisopliae CP-OAX strain. The greatest conidia production on rice grains was reached at 12 days of cultivation. The addition of agrolite and the polyethylene to the culture bed is effective in increasing the porosity of the bed. Between both strategies, the addition of low-density polyethylene was more effective for the conidia production which resulted from 1.38x109conidia per gram of initial dry rice (conidia/gidr), with a porosity of e = 0.34 (AP-PL mixture: 50-50). The performance achieved represented an increase of 2 times more the conidia production compared to the treatment without texturizer (AP-PL = 6.3x108conidia/gidr). Polyethylene is a suitable texturizer to be used in solid culture since it increases the conidia production of the Metarhizium anisopliae CP-OAX fungus by modifying the packing porosity, which is an important factor to consider in the production of large scale.
Keywords: Porosity, texturizer, Metarhizium anisopliae, solid culture
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